References
1. World Health Organization. Report of the Joint International
Society and Federation of Cardiology/World Health Organization Task Force on
Standardization of Clinical Nomenclature. Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of
ischemic heart disease. Circulation 1979,59:607-9.
2. The Cardiology Roundtable. Perfecting MI Ruleout. Best Practices for
Emergency Evaluation of Chest Pain. The Advisory Board Company, 1994.
3. Lee TH, Rouan GW, Weisberg MC, et al. Patients with acute myocardial
infarction sent home from the emergency room: clinical characteristics and natural
history. Am J Cardiol 1987;60:219-24.
4. Tierney WM, Fitzgerald J, McHenry R, et al. Physicians' estimates of
the probability of myocardial infarction in emergency room patients with chest pain. Med
Dec Making 1986;6:12-17.
5. Lewas S. Paradox, process and perception: the role of organizations
in clinical practice guidelines development. Can Med Assoc J 1995;153:1073-7.
6. Cohn, P. F. Silent myocardial ischemia and infarction. 2nd ed.,
Dekker, New York, 1989.
7. Adams JE, Abendschein DR, Jaffe AS. BIochemical markers of
myocardial injury. Circulation 1993;88:750-63.
8. Apple FS, Preese LM, Panteghini M, Vaidya HC, Bodor G S, Wu AHB.
Markers for myocardial injury. Clin Immunoassay 1994;17:6-48.
9. Ohman EM, Casey C, Bengston JR, et al. Early detection of acute
myocardial infarction: additional information from serum concentration of myoglobin in
patients without ST elevation. Br Heart J 1990;63:335-8.
10. Puleo PR, Meyer D, Wathen C, et al. Use of a rapid assay of
subforms of creatine kinase-MB to diagnose or rule out acute myocardial infarction. N Engl
J Med 1994;331:561-6.
11. Bhayana V, Cohoe S, Leung F, et al. Diagnostic evaluation of
creatine kinase-2 mass and creatine kinase-3 and-2 isoform ratios in early diagnosis of
acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem 1993;39:488-95.
12. Mair J, Morandell D, Genser N, et al. Equivalent early
sensitivities of myoglobin, creatine kinase MB mass, creatine kinase isoform ratios, and
cardiac troponins I and T for acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem 1995;41:1266-72.
13. Rabitzsch G, Mair J, Lechleitner P, et al. Immunoenzymometric assay
of human glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB in diagnosis of ischemic myocardial injury.
Clin Chem 1995;41:966-78.
14. van Nieuwenhoben FA, Kleine AH, Wodzig KWH, et al. Discrimination
between myocardial and skeletal muscle injury by assessment of the plasma ratio of
myoglobin over fatty acid-binding protein. Circulation 1994;92:2848-54.
15. Katus HA, Remppis A, Neumann FJ, et al. Diagnostic efficiency of
troponin T measurements in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1991;83:902-12.
16. Jaffe AS, Landt Y, Parvin CA, et al. Comparative sensitivity of
cardiac troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes for diagnosis of acute myocardial
infarction. Clin Chem 1996;42:1770-6.
17. Hafner G, Thome-Kromer B, Schaube J, et al. Cardiac troponins in
serum in chronic renal failure. Clin Chem 1994;40:1790-1.
18. Apple FS, Sharkey SW, Hoeft P, Skeate R, Boss E, Dahlmeier BA,
Preese LM. The prognostic value of serum cardiac troponin I and T in chronic dialysis
patients: a 1-year outcomes analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1997;29:399-403.
19. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group. The
thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) trial. N Engl J Med 1985;312:932-6.
20. The GISSI Study Group. Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic
treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1986;1:397-402.
21. Lott JA, Stang JM. Serum enzymes and isoenzymes in the diagnosis
and differential diagnosis of myocardial ischemia and necrosis. Clin Chem 1980;26:1241-50.
22. Lee TH, Goldman L. Serum enzyme assays in the diagnosis of acute
myocardial infarction. Recommendations based on a quantitative analysis. Ann Intern Med
1986;105:221-33.
23. Gibler WB, Lewis LM, Erb RE, et al. Early detection of acute
myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain and nondiagnostic ECGs:
Serial CK-MB sampling in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1990;19:1359-66.
24. Gibler WB, Gibler CD, Weinshenker E, et al. Myoglobin as an early
indicator of acute myocardial infarction. Ann Emerg Med 1987;16:851-6.
25. Panteghini M, Pagani F. Diagnostic value of a single measurement of
troponn T in serum for suspected acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem 1994;40:673-4.
26. Hamm CW, Goldmann BU, Heeschen C, Kreymann G, Berger J, Meinertz T.
Emergency room triage of patients with acute chest pain by means of rapid testing for
cardiac troponin T or troponin I. New Engl J Med 1997;337:1648-53.
27. Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Cheseboro JH. The pathogensis of
coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 1992;326:242-250
and 310-318.
28. Lindahl B, Venge P, Wallentin L, and the FRISC Study Group.
Relation between troponin T and the risk of subsequent cardiac events in unstable coronary
artery disease. Circulation 1996;93:1651-76.
29. Jesse RL, Kontos MC, Zhang DJ, Ornato JP, Tatum JL, Anderson P.
Minimal elevation of troponin I on admission identifies patients at risk for adverse
cardiac outcomes [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29 (suppl A):273A.
30. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards: How to define
and determine reference intervals in the clinical laboratory: approved guideline, NCCLS
document C28-A, Villanova, PA, 1995, NCCLS.
31. Stubbs P, Collinson P, Moseley D, Greenwood T, Noble M. Prospective
study of the role of cardiac troponin T in patients with unstable angina. Br Med J
1996;313:262-4.
32. Lindahl B, Venge P, Wallentin L. Troponin T indentifies patients
with unstable coronary artery disease who benefit from long-term antithrombotic
protection. Fragmin in Unstable Coronary Artery Disease (FRISC) Study Group. JACC
1997;29:43-8.
33. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
Cholesterol in Adults. Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education
Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood
cholesterol in adults. JAMA. 1993;269:3015-3023.
34. Thayapran N, Prigent F, Steingart R,, Feng YJ, Lowenkron D, and Wu
A. Is there a release of cardiac troponin during exercise testing? Circulation
1997;96(suppl):I-461.
35. Kwong TC, Fitzpatrick PG, Rothbard RL. Activities of some enzymes
in serum after therapy with intracoronary streptokinase in acute mycardial infarction.
Clin Chem 1984;30:731-4.
36. Zabel M, Hohnloser SH, Koster W, et al. Analysis of creatine
kinase, CK-MB, myoglobin, and troponin T time-activity curves for early assessment of
coronary artery reperfusion after intravenous thrombolysis. Circulation 1993;87:1542-50.
37. Apple FS, Henry TD, Berger CR, Landt YA. Early monitoring of serum
cardiac troponin I for assessment of coronary reperfusion following thrombolytic therapy.
Am J Clin Pathol 1996;105:6-10.
38. Hohnloser SH, Zabel M, Kasper W, et al. Assessment of coronary
artery patency after thrombolytic therapy: accurate prediction utilizing the combined
analysis of three noninvasive markers. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:44-49.
39. Baldermann SC, Bhayana JN, Steinbach JJ. Perioperative myocardial
infarction: a diagnostic dilemma. Ann Thorac Surg 1980;30:370-7.
40. Strom S, Bendz R, Olin C, Lundberg S. Serum enzymes with special
reference to CK-MB following coronary bypass surgery. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg
1980;13:53-9.
41. Katus HA, Schoeppenthau M, Tanzeem A, et al. Non-invasive
assessment of perioperative myocardial cell damage by circulating cardiac troponin T. Br
Heart J 1991;65:259-64.
42. Etievent JP, Chocron S, Toubin G, et al. Use of cardiac troponin I
as a marker of perioperative myocardial ischemia. Ann Thoracic Surg 1995;59:1192-4.
43. Metzler H, Gries M, Rehak P, Lang TH, Fruthwald S, Toller W.
Perioperative myocardial cell injury: the role of troponins. Br J Anaesth 1997;78:386-90.
44. Grande P, Christiansen C, Alstrup K. Comparison of ASAT, CK, CK-MB,
and LD for the estimation of acute myocardial infarct size in man. Clin Chim Acta
1983;128:329-35.
45. Vatner SF, Baig H, Manders WT, Maroko PR. Effects of coronary
artery reperfusion on myocardial infarct size calculated from creatine kinase. J Clin
Invest 1977;61:1048-56.
46. Nagai R, Chiu CC, Yamaoki K, et al. Evaluation of methods for
estimating infarct size by myosin LC2: comparison with cardiac enzymes. Am J Physiol
1983;245:H413-9.
47. Henderson, AR, Bhayana W. A modest proposal for the consistent
presentation of ROC plots in Clinical Chemistry. Clin Chem 1995;41:1205-6.
48. Mair J. Progress in myocardial damage detection: new biochemical
markers for clinicians. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1997;34:1-66.
49. Adams, J. E., Abendschein, D. R., and Jaffe, A. S. Biochemical
markers of myocardial injury. Is creatine kinase the choice for the 1990s? Circulation
1993;88:750-63.
50. Apple FS. Acute myocardial infarction and coronary reperfusion.
Serum cardiac markers for the 1990s. Am J Clin Pathol 1992;97:217-26.
51. Apple FS, Sharkey S, Falahati A, Christensen D, Miller E, McCoy M,
Murakami MA. A prospective study of implementing cardiac troponin I testing for detection
of myocardial infarction. Clin Chem 1996;42:S97.
52. Martins JT, Li DJ, Baskin LB, et al. Comparison of cardiac troponin
I and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes for the late diagnosis of myocardial injury. Am J
Clin Pathol 1996;106:705-8.
53. Wu AHB, Clive J. Impact of CK-MB testing policies on hospital
length of stay and laboratory costs for myocardial infarction and chest pain patients.
Clin Chem 1997;43:326-32.
54. Anderson FP, Jesse RL, Nicholson CS, Miller WG. The costs and
effectiveness of a rapid diagnostic and treatment protocol for myocardial infarction. In:
Assessing clinical outcomes. Utilizing appropriate laboratory testing to decrease
healthcare costs and improve patient outcomes. Bowie LJ. AACC Leadership Series,
Washington DC; 1996:20-4.
55. Antman E, Grudzien C, Sacks D. Evaluation of a rapid bedside assay
for the detection of serum cardiac troponin T. JAMA 1995;273:1279-8.
56. Brogan GX. Evaluation of Cardiac STATus CK-MB/Myoglobin device for
rapidly ruling out myocardial infarction. J Acad Emerg Med 1996.
57. Kricka LJ, Schmerfeld-Pruss D, Senior M, Goodman DBP, Kaladas P.
Interference by human anti-mouse antibody in two-site immunoassays. Clin Chem
1990;36:892-4.